• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Waste treatment equipment. It comprises at least one gasifier with a main receptacle (1) with a waste inlet (2), a syngas outlet (6) and an ash exit (8). In the interior of the receptacle there is a body (4) with at least one inclined section (7) facing the waste entrance (2), and with a base (14) that creates a depletion throat (17) that avoids waste passage; and a dividing partition (9) in contact with said body (4), such that a waste zone (15) is created that spans at least the area in which the inclined section (7) is, and a waste-free zone. (16) through which the syngas produced during the oxidation of the waste to the exit of syngas (6) is directed. The equipment comprises heating means configured to heat the interior of the receptacle (1). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2612580A1
    申请号:ES201730412
    申请日:2017-03-24
    公开日:2017-05-17
    发明作者:Jose Santiago SANTOS FUERTES
    申请人:Af Ingenieria S L；Af Ingenieria SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention is part of the technical field of waste treatment equipment and more specifically equipment comprising gasifiers. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Gasification is a thermochemical process that allows a mixture of combustible gas to be obtained from an organic material. The fuel gas mixture mainly comprises CO, CO2, H2, CH4, some heavy hydrocarbons such as C2H4 and C2H6, and water. Also, during the gasification some pollutants are generated as carbonized, ashes and tars.
    Various types of gasifiers are known from the state of the art such as fluid bed gasifiers, which include a dispensing variant. This type of gasifier produces impure gas, with a lot of ash and unburned drag. Thus, with these gasifiers it is necessary to work in recycling (recirculating very hot gas to remove the bed) or supply very hot air that brings nitrogen to the syngas stream. This contribution of nitrogen to the syngas current is an important technical problem because said gas is inert and consumes energy in the subsequent processes that occur in the gasifier.
    Also known in the state of the art are rotary pyrolys that have to work in depression since their rotary seals and their expansion systems do not tolerate overpressure due to fire risk. This causes a lot of burning of unburned and ashes and in addition these pyrolysers present difficulty for the thermal regulation of the process due to their high volume.
    On the other hand, molten bed gasifiers are known which have the disadvantages of bed poisoning, loss of the bed by emulsion with ashes and difficulty


    for bed agitation even in small scale gasifiers.
    Another alternative solution is plasma pyrolys that have too high consumption and contribute N2 to the syngas stream. They need maintenance actions, with substitution of consumables, in very short periods, and have a too high cost. This type of pyrolysers are generally used for the destruction of hazardous waste where the economic costs are not as relevant and where the recovery of the waste is not possible. They work at very high temperatures, their process is of a high energy cost, they are inefficient and the quality of the gas is also affected by the presence of Nitrogen that at the operating temperatures can cause NOx formation. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The waste treatment equipment of the present invention allows the recovery of waste in the wet phase by gasification of these to obtain syngas.
    The residues that can be introduced into the described equipment are for example residual plastic, biomass, used mineral oil, plastics mixed with cellulose, plastics mixed with textile and used tires.
    A key of the present invention is that it allows the treatment of residues in the wet phase. As previously described, state of the art treatment equipment requires that the waste be in the dry phase to ensure thermal transfer.
    With the equipment of the present invention, waste with up to 45% in the wet phase can be treated to achieve hydrogasification (water vapor is the oxidizing agent). This avoids having to perform an intermediate stage of drying the waste that was essential for the proper functioning of the gasifiers of the prior art. This drying stage is essential in the state of the art to ensure that the temperature of the gasifier increases to the temperature necessary for gasification without alterations in the different reactions.


    In the present invention, the equipment comprises at least one gasifier inside which, during the operation of the equipment, it is less than 500 ° (compared to approximately 700 ° to those worked in the gasifiers of the prior art). This also supposes an additional advantage since this temperature, being lower, is easier to reach and maintain. The risk of tar condensation is also reduced.
    The gasifier comprises a main receptacle with a waste inlet arranged in the upper section of the receptacle, a syngas outlet and an ashtray outlet. The inside of the receptacle is configured so that the syngas that is generated during the oxidation of the waste is forced towards the exit without passing through said waste and avoiding possible ash dragging.
    For this, inside the enclosure there is a body with at least one inclined section on which the waste that is introduced into the gasifier accumulates, and a dividing partition, which separates an area of accumulation of waste (corresponding at least with said inclined section of the body) and a waste-free zone through which the syngas already generated passes when it is directed towards the exit.
    The flow of materials circulates in a downward direction, with gravity in its favor, the sliding angle of the inclined section of the body is defined by the type of material and the residence time necessary to complete the process. The syngas that has been produced circulates through the waste-free zone until the exit of syngas. Preferably said outlet is located in the upper section of the receptacle whereby the gas circulates upwards through said waste-free zone, forced by the partition wall. In cases where the output of the syngas is in the lower section of the receptacle, the gasifier works in equicorrent since the syngas is extracted from below and therefore follows the same direction of circulation of the residue.
    In the present invention water vapor, present in the waste, is used as the oxidizing agent. In this case, the use of air as an oxidizing agent has been ruled out because it implies the introduction of N2 since its O2 content is 20% compared to 78% of N2 and this does not intervene in the reactions produced during gasification, since it is


    an inert gas In the present invention, the appearance of N2 would entail an extra energy expenditure because it would be necessary to eliminate it or else it would entail energy cost in the different phases of syngas treatment by compression. In addition, in the phase of reforming the syngas, NOx type compounds could be produced which would pose an environmental problem to be solved by additional treatment costs.
    However, water vapor is produced inside the gasifier by an endothermic reaction. What contributes to the final autothermal balance of the equipment and helps what is intended to be achieved in the gasifier which consists in obtaining final products as similar to a combination of CO and hydrogen. Thus, water vapor is forced from the waste to react with C and methane (CH4) and thus obtain as CO and H2 gasification products that are the chemical basis for the production of ethers.
    The syngas obtained in the gasifier can be used as synthetic fuel and fuel additive, for energy production, for production of liquid and technical solvents and for thermal energy production.
    One of the essential advantages of the gasifier of the present invention is that it operates by gravity to avoid volatile entrainment. Also, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gasifier comprises heating means inside and outside the enclosure to correctly control and standardize the temperature.
    The syngas that is obtained is free of trawls (thanks to the fact that, as previously described, the gasifier works by gravity and the syngas does not pass through the waste in its exit path). In addition, because it allows the use of wet phase waste, the syngas obtained has a high content of CO and H2.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the gasification equipment additionally comprises a reformer. Said reformer is connected to the output of syngas from the gasifier.
    Preferably the reformer comprises means for generating a plasma inside and ionizing the syngas that passes through it to obtain, at the exit of the gasification equipment, a purer syngas converting the heavier hydrocarbons that are


    have generated gasification in simpler compounds or elements, mainly CO and H2.
    The invention allows to adapt to different morphologies of residues. For this, each waste morphology must be previously characterized as each waste composition has an ideal angle of repose / slip. Based on this data, the gasifier is designed so that waste can flow by gravity without forming vaults that interrupt circulation. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
    Figure 1.-Shows a sectional view of the gasifier.
    Figure 2.- Shows another sectional view of the gasifier.
    Figure 3.- Shows a sectional view of the gasifier in which the accumulation of waste is shown and in which the area of accumulation of waste can be seen.
    Figure 4.- It shows a sectional top view of the gasifier with residues inside where the residue-free zone can be seen.
    Figure 5.-Shows a scheme of the gasification equipment with gasifier and reformer. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    An example of embodiment of the present invention is described below with the aid of Figures 1 to 5.


    The proposed gasification equipment is of the type comprising at least one gasifier with a main receptacle (1) with a waste inlet (2) arranged in the upper section of the receptacle, a syngas outlet (6) and an ashtray outlet (8). Through the ashtray outlet (8) solid rejection products are collected.
    The waste is introduced into the gasifier through the corresponding waste input (2) and heated inside the enclosure (1) to cause the corresponding chemical reactions that result in syngas and ashes. An essential advantage of the present invention is that the gasifier is configured so that the generated syngas does not pass the waste in its path through the interior of the receptacle (1) towards the outlet of syngas (6).
    To achieve said technical effect, the gasifier comprises, inside the receptacle (1), a body (4) with at least one inclined section (7). Both the body (4) and the inclined section (7) can be clearly seen in Figure 1.
    The body (4) is positioned so that the inclined section (7) is facing the waste entrance (2). This allows, when introducing waste, they fall on the inclined section (7) of the body (4).
    The body (4), which in the preferred embodiment shown in said figure 1 is an eccentric conical body, comprises a base (14) arranged so that an exhaustion throat (17) is generated between said base (14) and the walls of the receptacle (1) that prevents the passage of waste. This contributes to the accumulation of waste in the desired areas inside the receptacle (1). The space that remains free from the depletion throat (17) to the ashtray outlet (8) is intended for the passage of the ashes generated during the oxidation of the residue inside the receptacle (1).
    An essential technical characteristic of the gasifier is that it comprises inside the receptacle a dividing partition (9) that is in contact with the body (4) as seen in Figure 2. In this case a sectional view of the gasifier is shown from the waste entrance (2). As you can see, the partition wall (9) is left


    preferably facing said waste entrance (2).
    The key to the partition wall (9) is that it creates a waste zone (15) in the receptacle (1), which covers at least the area in which the inclined section (7) of the body (4) is located and in the that the waste that enters through the waste input accumulates. This waste zone (15) is clearly seen in Figure 3. Preferably the length of the partition wall (9) is chosen based on the angle of repose on the inclined section (7) of the body (4) of the waste to be try. Figure 3 also shows how waste is retained in the depletion throat (17).
    Also, the partition wall (9) creates a waste-free zone (16) through which the syngas produced during the oxidation of the waste is directed to the exit of syngas (6). Figure 4 shows said waste-free zone (16). It is necessary to guarantee a filling seal in such a way that the syngas is forced to move through said waste-free zone (16).
    Preferably, as seen in the figures, in embodiments in which the body (4) is an eccentric conical body, the waste zone (15) encompasses the entire inclined section (7) and part of the body's straight section ( 4).
    Furthermore, to carry out the oxidation reactions of the residue in the receptacle (1), the gasifier also comprises heating means configured to heat the interior of said receptacle (1).
    Figure 5 shows a waste treatment equipment that also includes a reformer (18). Preferably the reformer (18) is connected to the output of syngas (6) of the gasifier.
    In this case, an installation is observed with a waste feeder (20) connected to the gasifier. The inside of the enclosure (1) of the gasifier with the body (4), the partition wall (9) and a line representing the accumulated waste has been represented. The path followed by the syngas through the interior of the receptacle (1) to the exit of the syngas (6) has been schematically represented to facilitate the understanding of the explanation made. The connection of the ashtray outlet (8) towards


    an ashtray (19) of the facility in which the waste treatment equipment is arranged.
    As in this example the waste treatment equipment also comprises a reformer (18), it can be seen how the syngas path follows from the gasifier to said reformer (18) in which the reforming reactions necessary to obtain an output of syngas more pure (21) than the one obtained at the exit of syngas
    (6) of the gasifier. The reformer (18) also has an ashtray outlet (8), which, as seen in Figure 5, is connected to an ashtray (19) of the installation.
    The heating means are arranged around the receptacle (1), are arranged inside the enclosure (1) or a combination of both. In Figure 1 an embodiment is shown in which the heating means is an interior heating means ( 5), arranged inside the body (4), and an external heating means (3), arranged around the enclosure (1).
    In a possible embodiment in which there are external heating means (3), said external heating means (3) extend from the waste inlet (2) to the depletion throat (17) of waste. In this way only the section of the enclosure (1) in which the waste is found is heated. That embodiment example can be seen in Figure 1.
    In another exemplary embodiment, the external heating means (3) also extend along the ashtray outlet (8) to ensure the depletion of carbonaceous residues and eventual scorching of the ashes if necessary.
    Preferably the external heating means (3) comprise a jacket in which an induction coil is housed that works on the wall of the enclosure (1). Preferably the internal heating means (5) comprise an induction coil housed inside the body (4) so that they act on the walls thereof giving heat to the interior of the enclosure (1). This combination of heating means is preferred because it ensures the maintenance of a suitable temperature at any point inside the enclosure (1).


    One of the technical characteristics of the gasifier, which gives it versatility, is that different heating means can be understood. In a preferred embodiment, the heating means are induction coils because they allow an instantaneous setting. In other embodiments, they can be used
    5 for example electrical resistors or a flow of combustion gas.
    The equipment can work in a regime of self-regulated thermal stratification regulated simply by controlling the temperature of the desired areas of the heating means.
    The gasifier may also comprise, as seen for example in Figure 1, at least one steam injection outlet (10) for cases in which the residues have an insufficient amount of moisture, a solid input ( 11) for eventual cases in which it is necessary to introduce catalysts in the
    15 enclosure (1), an emergency oxidizing agent inlet (12) and an inerting and emergency firing assembly (13). The gasifier also includes the corresponding connections for pressure and temperature control in the enclosure (1).
    Some of the modifiable parameters of the gasifier of the present invention are the height of the enclosure (1), the diameter of the body (4), the angle of inclination of the inclined section (7) and the depletion throat (17) of the residue . The modification of these parameters allows to adapt the waste treatment equipment.

    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1.-Waste treatment equipment comprising at least one gasifier with a main receptacle (1) with a waste inlet (2) arranged in the upper section of the receptacle, a syngas outlet (6) and an ashtray outlet (8 ), and characterized in that the gasifier comprises: - a body (4) with at least one inclined section (7), arranged inside the receptacle (1), with the inclined section (7) facing the inlet of waste (2), and with a base (14) arranged so that a depletion throat (17) is generated between said base (14) and the walls of the receptacle (1) that prevents the passage of waste; -a partition wall (9) arranged inside the receptacle (1) and in contact with the body (4), such that a waste zone (15) is created in the receptacle (1), which covers at least the area in which the inclined section (7) of the body (4) is located and in which the waste that enters through the waste entrance is accumulated, and a waste-free zone (16) through which the syngas is directed produced during the oxidation of the waste until the exit of syngas (6), - heating means configured to heat the inside of the receptacle (1).
    [2]
    2. Waste treatment equipment according to claim 1 characterized in that the heating means are arranged around the receptacle (1), are arranged inside the enclosure (1) or a combination of both.
    [3]
    3. Waste treatment equipment according to claim 1 characterized in that the heating means are arranged inside the body (4).
    [4]
    4. Waste treatment equipment according to claim 1 characterized in that the heating means are induction coils.
    [5]
    5. Waste treatment equipment according to claim 1 characterized in that the heating means comprises external heating means (3) comprising a jacket with an induction coil arranged around the enclosure (1).
    [6]
    6. Waste treatment equipment according to claim 5 characterized in that the external heating means (3) extend from the waste inlet (2) to

    the depletion throat (17) of the residue.
    [7]
    7. Waste treatment equipment according to claim 5 characterized in that the external heating means (3) extend from the waste inlet (2) to the ashtray outlet (8).
    [8]
    8. Waste treatment equipment according to claim 1 characterized in that the receptacle (1) is cylindrical.
    10. Waste treatment equipment according to claim 1 characterized in that the body (4) is an eccentric cone.
    [10]
    10. Waste treatment equipment according to claim 1 characterized in that the syngas outlet (6) is arranged in the upper section of the enclosure (1). fifteen

    FIG. one

    FIG. 2

    FIG. 3

    FIG. 4

    FIG. 5
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    ES2343167T3|2010-07-26|GASIFICATOR OF MULTIPLE FACETS AND RELATED PROCEDURES.
    ES2312957T3|2009-03-01|PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A SYNTHESIS GAS.
    KR100896112B1|2009-05-07|Apparatus for gasifying solid fuel
    KR20100015559A|2010-02-12|Gasifier
    JP5088535B2|2012-12-05|Fuel gasification equipment
    KR101069574B1|2011-10-05|Dual biomass gasifier with carbonaceous absorbent and apparatus having the dual biomass gasifier
    ES2612580B1|2018-03-07|WASTE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT
    JP4998551B2|2012-08-15|Fluidized bed gasification facility
    CN109963928A|2019-07-02|Improved gasification system and method
    ES2704666T3|2019-03-19|Method and equipment to produce coke during indirectly heated gasification
    ES2662865T3|2018-04-10|3-zone gasifier and procedure for the operation of such a gasifier for thermal conversion of waste products and waste
    KR101872990B1|2018-07-02|System for producing hydrogen using polymeric waste
    ES2882603T3|2021-12-02|Waste treatment equipment
    ES2704081T3|2019-03-14|Reactor for obtaining gas from biomass or organic waste
    ES1200712U|2017-12-04|Gasificador |
    KR101632147B1|2016-06-22|Power plant for generating electric power by biomass
    JP2018527547A|2018-09-20|Reduction burner that allows oxidation reaction and reduction reaction to be separated and syngas recycling system using the same
    JP2020521866A|2020-07-27|Apparatus and equipment for converting dry carbon-containing raw material and/or dry hydrocarbon-containing raw material into synthesis gas
    JP2011042697A|2011-03-03|Circulating fluidized bed type gasification method and apparatus
    JP6008082B2|2016-10-19|Gasification apparatus and gasification method
    ES2797102T3|2020-12-01|Rapid pyrolysis process of organic biomass particles with countercurrent injection of hot gases
    JP6888313B2|2021-06-16|Cement manufacturing system
    CN205261906U|2016-05-25|Biomass gasification burning hot water stove
    PT2148135E|2013-07-30|Method and device for thermal processing of waste material
    KR101617392B1|2016-05-09|An industrial high temperature reformer and reforming method
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2612580B1|2018-03-07|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CA2714911A1|2006-05-05|2008-01-24|Plasco Energy Group Inc.|A gasification facility with a horizontal gasifier and a plasma reformer|
    US20100331580A1|2006-11-15|2010-12-30|Growmark, Inc.|Oil recovery and syngas production from biomass-based processes|
    WO2010009231A2|2008-07-15|2010-01-21|Covanta Energy Corporation|System and method for gasification-combustion process using post combustor|
    WO2014094217A1|2012-12-18|2014-06-26|Linde Aktiengesellschaft|Improved coal gasification|
    法律状态:
    2018-03-07| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2612580 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20180307 |
    2021-06-18| GD2A| Contractual licences|Effective date: 20210618 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201730412A|ES2612580B1|2017-03-24|2017-03-24|WASTE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT|ES201730412A| ES2612580B1|2017-03-24|2017-03-24|WASTE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT|
    CA3057253A| CA3057253A1|2017-03-24|2018-03-08|Waste treatment unit|
    KR1020197030907A| KR20190127891A|2017-03-24|2018-03-08|Waste disposal unit|
    ES18725262T| ES2882603T3|2017-03-24|2018-03-08|Waste treatment equipment|
    BR112019019769-9A| BR112019019769B1|2017-03-24|2018-03-08|WASTE TREATMENT UNIT|
    MX2019011353A| MX2019011353A|2017-03-24|2018-03-08|System for waste treatment.|
    PCT/ES2018/070174| WO2018172577A1|2017-03-24|2018-03-08|System for waste treatment|
    PT187252622T| PT3604920T|2017-03-24|2018-03-08|System for waste treatment|
    JP2019552614A| JP2020515671A|2017-03-24|2018-03-08|Waste treatment unit|
    EP18725262.2A| EP3604920B1|2017-03-24|2018-03-08|Waste treatment unit|
    PL18725262T| PL3604920T3|2017-03-24|2018-03-08|Waste treatment unit|
    US16/495,912| US20200041123A1|2017-03-24|2018-03-08|System for waste treatment|
    IL26952619A| IL269526D0|2017-03-24|2019-09-22|System for waste treatment|
    CO2019010276A| CO2019010276A2|2017-03-24|2019-09-23|Waste treatment equipment|
    [返回顶部]